1 Samuel 12:19

Authorized King James Version

And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto the LORD thy God, that we die not: for we have added unto all our sins this evil, to ask us a king.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּֽאמְר֨וּ
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
כָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#3
הָעָ֜ם
And all the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#4
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#5
שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל
unto Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#6
הִתְפַּלֵּ֧ל
Pray
to judge (officially or mentally); by extension, to intercede, pray
#7
בְּעַד
in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc
#8
עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ
for thy servants
a servant
#9
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#10
יְהוָ֥ה
unto the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#11
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ
thy God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#12
וְאַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#13
נָמ֑וּת
that we die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#14
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#15
יָסַ֤פְנוּ
not for we have added
to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
#16
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#17
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#18
חַטֹּאתֵ֙ינוּ֙
unto all our sins
an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
#19
רָעָ֔ה
this evil
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#20
לִשְׁאֹ֥ל
to ask
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
#21
לָ֖נוּ
H0
#22
מֶֽלֶךְ׃
us a king
a king

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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